The precious metals, including platinum (Pt), have been recycled since long
before this became a necessity to
conserve our resources. From the onset of their use in cars, catalytic
converters have been removed from end-of-life
(EOL) vehicles and the platinum, palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) recovered.
In Europe, autocatalysts platinum
recycled share increased from 5 to 10% between 1997 and 2007 whilst that for
palladium went from essentially zero to
33% over the same period. On a worldwide basis, 21% of Pt, Pd and Rh demand
for automotive catalyst was met by
recovered precious metals in 2007(2). The share of recycled precious metals
continues to grow as the first
generation of cars equipped with catalysts is reaching the end of their
useful lives.
Although highly efficient refining processes are available and used to
recover PGMs from autocatalysts with more than
95% yield, significant inefficiencies still exist in the end-of-life phase
of cars. Especially old European cars are
increasingly exported to developing countries where for various reasons no
proper recycling takes place at the final
end-of-life. In total this leads to considerable losses from the
autocatalyst lifecycle, thus a more sound
management of EOL-cars as well as to create a global recycling
infrastructure is needed. The current leakages in the
autocatalyst lifecycle are not a real threat from the reserve base, but
better recycling rates would mitigate price
volatility and environmental impact of the PGM supply.